Obesity in India: Types and What They Mean for Your Health

Obesity in India: Types and What They Mean for Your Health

Obesity is becoming a common health issue in India due to changing lifestyles, unhealthy eating, and less physical activity. Understanding the different types of obesity helps you recognize the risks and take steps to stay healthy.

Types of Obesity Explained Simply

Obesity Based on BMI

Overweight: BMI 23 to 24.9 (Indian guidelines use lower BMI cutoffs)

Class 1 Obesity: BMI 25 to 29.9

Class 2 Obesity: BMI 30 and above (Higher risk category)

Central Obesity

Apple Shape: Fat around belly and waist

Common in Indian men

Strongly linked to diabetes and heart disease

Peripheral Obesity

Pear Shape: Fat in hips and thighs

More common in women

Relatively lower health risks compared to central obesity

Causes of Obesity in Indian Context

Primary Obesity

Due to extra calorie intake and less exercise

Common with urbanization and sedentary jobs

Related to changing dietary patterns in India

Secondary Obesity

Due to medical issues like thyroid problems

Side effects of certain medications

Genetic factors and hormonal imbalances

When Obesity Starts

Childhood Obesity: Increasing in India due to junk food and inactivity

Adult-Onset: Often linked to lifestyle habits developed over time

Understanding Obesity Types and Risks

Type of Obesity	Description	Common in Indians	Health Risks
Overweight	BMI 23-24.9	Many due to diet and activity changes	Increased risk of diabetes, hypertension
Class 1 Obesity	BMI 25-29.9	Urban populations, sedentary jobs	Higher risk of heart disease, diabetes
Class 2 Obesity	BMI 30+	Increasing in metro cities	High risk of complications like stroke
Central Obesity	Belly fat	Especially Indian men	Strong link to diabetes, heart disease
Peripheral Obesity	Fat in hips/thighs	More in women	Lower metabolic risk

Why It Matters for Indians

Indians tend to develop health problems like diabetes and heart disease at lower BMI levels compared to Western countries. Central obesity or fat around the belly is especially concerning in the Indian population due to genetic and lifestyle factors.

Patient Tips for Managing Obesity

Regular Physical Activity

Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily. Include both cardio and strength training in your routine.

Healthy Diet

Focus on whole foods, fruits, vegetables, and limit processed foods, sugar, and refined carbohydrates.

Stay Hydrated

Drink at least 8-10 glasses of water daily. Sometimes thirst is mistaken for hunger.

Adequate Sleep

Aim for 7-8 hours of quality sleep. Poor sleep disrupts hormones that regulate appetite.

Regular Check-ups

Monitor BMI, waist circumference, and blood parameters regularly with your healthcare provider.

Support System

Join support groups or work with a nutritionist and fitness trainer for guidance and motivation.

PROF. Dr. ARAVINDA J

MD, MRCP(London), Triple FRCP(Edinburgh, London, Glasgow)

Vice President Elect RSSDI

President RSSDI Karnataka chapter (2018-19)

Chairman and Chief Diabetologist

Dr Aravind's Diabetes Centre

Basaveshwara Nagar, Bengaluru